A kidney infection (pyelonephritis) is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that occurs when bacteria travel from another part of your body, such as the bladder, to one or both kidneys. Kidney infections are typically more serious than lower UTIs, so it’s important to see a healthcare provider if you experience any symptoms.
This blog will discuss everything you need to know about kidney infections, including causes, symptoms, treatments, and prevention tips.
How Does a Kidney Infection Occur?
Your kidneys produce urine to remove waste from your body. Normally, urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters (tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder), where it’s stored until you urinate. As urine exits through the urethra, it usually flushes out any bacteria or germs present in the urinary tract.
However, sometimes bacteria can travel upwards through the urethra and into the bladder, causing an infection known as cystitis. If this infection isn’t treated, the bacteria can continue to move up the ureters and into one or both kidneys, leading to a kidney infection. Additionally, bacteria that enter your bloodstream from another part of your body can also reach and infect your kidneys.
What are the causes of Kidney Infection?
Kidney infections, also known as pyelonephritis, are typically caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract and traveling up to one or both kidneys. Understanding the causes can help in preventing these infections and seeking timely treatment.
1. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
The most common cause of kidney infections is a urinary tract infection that starts in the bladder or urethra. If left untreated, the bacteria from a UTI can travel up the ureters—the tubes that connect the bladder to the kidneys—and cause a kidney infection.
2. Blockages in the Urinary Tract
Any obstruction in the urinary tract, such as kidney stones, an enlarged prostate in men, or tumors, can prevent urine from flowing properly. This stagnant urine can become a breeding ground for bacteria, increasing the risk of infection.
3. Weakened Immune System
People with weakened immune systems, such as those with diabetes, HIV, or undergoing certain treatments like chemotherapy, are more susceptible to infections, including kidney infections. Their bodies may struggle to fight off the bacteria, leading to more severe infections.
4. Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
VUR is a condition where urine flows backward from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys. This abnormal flow can introduce bacteria into the kidneys, leading to infections. VUR is more common in children and can increase the risk of recurrent kidney infections.
5. Sexual Activity
Sexual activity, especially in women, can increase the risk of urinary tract infections, which can then lead to kidney infections. Bacteria from the genital area can enter the urethra during intercourse and travel up to the kidneys.
6. Catheter Use
The use of urinary catheters, particularly for an extended period, can introduce bacteria into the urinary tract. This can lead to a urinary tract infection, which may spread to the kidneys if not promptly treated.
7. Certain Medical Conditions
Conditions such as diabetes, spinal cord injuries, or any medical issue that affects bladder function can increase the risk of developing kidney infections. These conditions can prevent the bladder from fully emptying, leading to bacterial growth.
8. Previous Kidney Infections
Having a history of kidney infections can increase the likelihood of developing another one. This may be due to underlying conditions or structural abnormalities in the urinary tract that make you more prone to infections.
Understanding these causes can help you take preventive measures and seek early treatment if you suspect a kidney infection. If you experience symptoms such as fever, back pain, or painful urination, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider promptly to prevent complications.
Signs and Symptoms of a Kidney Infection
A kidney infection can present with several symptoms, including:
- Fever
- Chills
- Pain in the lower back or side
- Burning sensation or pain during urination
- Blood in the urine (hematuria) or cloudy urine
- Urine with a foul odor
- A frequent or urgent need to urinate
If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to seek medical attention promptly, as kidney infections can become serious if not treated.
Ways to Prevent Kidney Infections
Preventing kidney infections involves taking steps to reduce your risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and maintaining overall urinary tract health. Here are some effective strategies:
1. Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps flush out bacteria from your urinary tract, reducing the risk of infection. Aim for at least 8 glasses of water a day.
2. Practice Good Hygiene: Wipe from front to back after using the toilet to prevent bacteria from the anus from entering the urethra. This is especially important for women.
3. Empty Your Bladder Regularly: Don’t hold in urine for long periods. Regularly emptying your bladder helps prevent the buildup of bacteria in the urinary tract.
4. Urinate After Sexual Activity: Urinating after sex helps flush out bacteria that may have entered the urethra during intercourse, reducing the risk of infection.
5. Avoid Catheter Use When Possible: If you require a catheter, ensure it’s managed with proper hygiene to prevent bacterial entry into the urinary tract.
6. Maintain a Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet that includes foods high in antioxidants and vitamins can boost your immune system, making it easier to fight off infections.
7. Monitor Your Urinary Health: Be mindful of any changes in your urinary habits or symptoms, and seek medical attention if you notice signs of a UTI, such as burning during urination or frequent urges to urinate.
By following these preventive measures, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing a kidney infection. If you’re prone to recurrent infections, discuss additional preventive strategies with your healthcare provider.
How Is a Kidney Infection Treated?
Kidney infections are typically treated with antibiotics. You’ll need to take antibiotics for at least 14 days. If your symptoms are severe or if the infection doesn’t improve with initial treatment, hospitalization may be necessary, and you might require a longer course of antibiotics.
Your healthcare provider may prescribe one or more types of antibiotics to combat the infection. Common options include:
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
- Amoxicillin or Augmentin
- Ceftriaxone or Cephalexin
- Ciprofloxacin or Levofloxacin
Most people start feeling better within two to three days of beginning treatment, but it can take longer for some. It’s crucial to complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if you start to feel better, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated.
CureStone: Comprehensive Care for Your Kidney Health
At CureStone, we recognize the challenges and discomfort associated with kidney stones and other kidney-related conditions. Our dedicated team is here to provide you with a complete and compassionate approach to kidney treatment, ensuring that your journey to recovery is as smooth and pain-free as possible.
We specialize in state-of-the-art treatments that are designed to effectively manage kidney stones and related issues, with a strong emphasis on your comfort and well-being. From the moment you step into our clinic, through every stage of your treatment and recovery, our experienced professionals are committed to delivering the highest standard of care.
Our services are tailored to meet your unique needs, utilizing advanced techniques that not only address your kidney stones but also work to prevent future occurrences. We aim to make your experience with us as comfortable as possible, offering treatments that minimize pain and promote quick recovery.
Don’t let kidney stones disrupt your life. At CureStone, we’re here to help you regain control. Contact us today to start your journey toward a healthier, pain-free future with the expert care and support you deserve.